Foreign Affairs

: Commissioners of C.S.A. at the Foreign Courts.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. Babies dressed in finery playing with each other. Cream envelope with red ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'Commissioners of C. S. A. at the Foreign Courts.'

: Cotton - England's God.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. A large crowned head with a small body sits atop a bale of cotton, with many people kneeling and worshipping around it. 'King Cotton' is sitting and crushing a group of enslaved African Americans. White envelope with black ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'Englands God.'

: Cotton is King!; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. John Bull with a paper printed with 'Manchester' in his pocket kneels before a large, crowned anthropomorphic bale of cotton. The man Bull is stepping on a slave on the ground. White envelope with many colored ink. Image on left side. Printed above image: 'COTTON IS KING!' 'No. 2.' is printed in upper-left corner of envelope. Printed below image: 'Old England is mighty; Old England is free; / She boasts that she ruleth the waves of the sea; (But between you and I, that's all fiddle-de-dee;) / She cannot, O Cotton~ she cannot rule thee. / Lo! Manchester's lording thy greatness shall own, / And yield more to thee than he would to the Throne: / For before thee shall bend his fat marroe-bone, / And deaf be his ear to the live chattel's groan.' Printed along bottom edge of envelope: 'Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1861, by STIMSON & Co., in the Clerk's Office of the United States for the Southern District of New-York.', John Bull is the personification of England. The image on this envelope has been attributed to Stimson & Co.

: Great Safe Trial.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. John Bull and Napoleon characters stand in front of two safes that have had fires set underneath them. White envelope with blue ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: GREAT SAFE TRIAL. / Napoleon. - I sympathise with the Union safe. / John Bull--I think I will wait awhile and see / which stands fire best, before I take sides.' Printed vertically to left of image: 'Magee, 316 Chestnut St. Phila. Copy right 1861., Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, member of the House of Bonaparte, was President of the First French Republic, and later the last Emperor of France. John Bull is the personification of England. Though the Second Empire under Napoleon IV remained neutral during the American Civil War, some believed that France instead supported the secessionist cause. About the Creator: Magee was likely James Magee, a seller of stationery and envelopes at 316 Chestnut Street, and living at 750 Florida Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the American Civil War.

: J.D.--Please let me bring my prizes on to your premises, Mr. Bull.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. John Bull stands in doorway while Davis tries to give him things in a large satchel. 'Yankee Doodle' looks on from atop a fence. Cream envelope with black ink. Image on left side. Printed below the image: 'J. D - Please let me bring my prizes on to your / premises, Mr. Bull. Those rascally Yankees are right / before my own door, so that I can't get in. / J. B. - No, sir, you can't come in. I should like to buy / your cotton; but you can't come in with your prizes. / Yankee Doodle. - Bring 'em up our way, Jeff; we'll / take care of 'em.' Printed vertically to left of image: New York Union Envelope Union Depot. No. 144 Broadway.', Jefferson Davis (June 3, 1808 - December 6, 1889) was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America. He led the Confederate army and navy during the American Civil War. John Bull is the personification of England.

: JOHN, - I Paid the cash for this cotton. and want to pass?; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. John Bull is hauling a large bale of cotton on his back. Uncle Sam speaks to John Bull. Man on left has a bag of money and a cat of nine tails whip. Cream envelope with black ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'JOHN. - I Paid the cash for this cotton. and want to pass? / SAM. - Well, you can stay where you are! but you can't pass / Joney!!!', Uncle Sam is the personification of the United States of America. First given its unique name in 1813 by a meat packer from Troy, New York named Samuel Wilson, it was popularized in the 1860s and 1870s by the cartoonist Thomas Nast. John Bull is the personification of England.

: Jeff announceth to ye rebell Cabinett ye grayte scheme of invytynge Grayte Brittayne to send our a Royall Babbie to take chge of ye Cottonocracy of ye South-ye whych produceth mutch merrymeant among ye Cabinett aforesayd.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. A table full of men writing with pen and ink and looking amused. White envelope with red ink. Image takes up entire envelope. Printed below image: 'JEFF announceth to ye rebell Cabinett ye grayte sceme of invytynge Grayte Brittayne to send out a Royall Babble to / take chge of ye Cottonocracy of ye South - ye whych produceth mutch merrtmeant among ye Cabinett aforesayd. / HARPEL PR., CIN.', Jefferson Davis (June 3, 1808 - December 6, 1889) was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America. About the Creator: Oscar Henry Harpel was a prominent post-Civil War printer working in Cincinnati. He rose to fame after producing Harpel's Typograph, which was then was used often for commercial promotion purposes.

: Jeff.--I want to be 'let a loan' on these little collaterals.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/4 in. Jefferson Davis trying to get a loan from John Bull for what appears to be cherries. White envelope with black ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'JEFF. - I want to be 'let a loan' on these / little collaterals.', Jefferson Davis (June 3, 1808 - December 6, 1889) was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America. John Bull is the personification of England.

: John Bull 'don't see it.'; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. John Bull looks into a viewing device that is a bale of cotton while cotton in dumped into his vision path. An African-American child holds up a sign with 'Southern Vi' Yellow envelope with black ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'John Bull 'don't see it.', John Bull is the personification of England.

: John Bull in his perilous feat of Horsemanship.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. John Bull tries to ride two horses, the Union and Secession while balancing a bale of cotton on his shoulders. Beige envelope with red and blue ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'John Bull in his perilous feat of / Horsemanship.' Printed vertically at left of image: 'D. Murphy's Son, Print. 65 Fulton & 372 Pearl Sts. N. Y.', John Bull is the personification of England. About the Creator: D. Murphy's Son first appears in the Trow's New York City Directory of 1847. The business last appears in Trow's New York City Directory of 1900-1901. Among other items, D. Murphy's Son printed shelf and wall clock labels.

: John Bull making his speech to 'King Cotton.'; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. John Bull character standing, with one hand in his pocket. Beige envelope with red ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'JOHN BULL making his Speech / to 'KING COTTON.', John Bull is the personification of England.

: John Bull's Sympathy.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. A slave is being whipped as he kneels beside a bale of cotton imprinted with CSA on it. John Bull sits atop the bale ignoring the kneeling enslaved person near him. Beige envelope with black ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'John Bull's Sympathy.', John Bull is the personification of England.

: John Bull.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/4 in. A clothed bull stands in a doorway talking to a man (perhaps William L. Yancey?) with a paper with 'Bogus' printed on it. A bale of cotton stands nearby. Envelope is white with blue ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'YANCEY. - Mr. Bull, how much can you / advance on Confederate Loan? / J. BULL. - I think I would rather advance on your Cotton.', William Lowndes Yancey (August 10, 1814 - July 27, 1863) was a journalist, politician, and leader of the southern secessionist movement. John Bull is the personification of England. About the Creator: Magee was likely James Magee, a seller of stationery and envelopes at 316 Chestnut Street, and living at 750 Florida Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the American Civil War.

: Look out John or you will get your foot in it.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/4 in. A bull (John) sticking his foot in a trap entitled Secession. The eagle warns him not to step in it. The Rooster with epaulets, Napoleon, tells him Bravo. Various inscriptions label particular symbolic images and characters., Though the Second Empire under Napoleon IV remained neutral during the American Civil War, some believed that France instead supported the secessionist cause. John Bull is the personification of England.

: No Foreign Interference.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. A floral design of cotton with a decorative border. White envelope with red, blue, green and black ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'NO FOREIGN INTERFERENCE.'

: The British Lion heedless of the trap.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. A lion creeps toward a trap set using cotton as a bait. The string is held by a man dressed in military garb, with a man in top hat and tails sitting on a rock to the right. White envelope with blue ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'The British Lion heedless of the Trap, / The string of which is held by Emp'ror Nap, / Bent upon Cotton, boldly takes the field / Which simple Jonathan, he thinks, will yield.'

: The Reverses of the C.S.A.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. Man's face that appears smiling when envelope held upright and frowning when envelope is flipped over. Two sets of text each appears under each 'face.' Yellow envelope with black ink. Image on left side. Printed above envelope: 'THE REVERSES OF THE C. S. A. / 'England has recognized the South- / ern States as belligerents, and France, / it is supposed, will admit the claims / of the Confederacy as a government / de facto.' Printed below image: 'The ports of England and France / are closed to all privateers. An effi- / client blockade of all Southern ports / will soon be established .'

: These bonds will never do, my friend.; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. Man standing with two papers in his hands, one saying 'SOUTHERN / BONDS,' the other 'JEFF / DAVIS / $20,000.' Two men stand in the background, one under a sign 'LOANS / TAKEN.' Cream envelope with black ink. Image on left side. 'Printed below image: 'Those bonds will never do, my friend. / For Johnny Bull has said it. / Go home, and meditate your end, / Your thieving friends have d-d your credit.' Printed vertically at left of image: 'Copyright secured by Brown & Ryan, N. Y.', Jefferson Davis (June 3, 1808 - December 6, 1889) was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America. He led the Confederate army and navy during the American Civil War. John Bull is the personification of England. About the Creator: Brown & Ryan was a printer in New York City during the American Civil War. The business was operated from 201, 203, and 205 William Street, located in present-day lower Manhattan. Brown & Ryan was the copyright holder of the image that appears on this envelope.

: Victoria Rex thinks better of it and won't recognise traitors or harbo(u)r their pirate-eers; Pictorial Envelope: 1 envelope; 3 x 5 1/2 in. A figure with a Union Jack shield (Queen Victoria as England) sits on a lion. Below is a rooster saying 'Now won't you recognise us!' Rooster holds a Confederate flag with a skull stuck on its flag pole. Cream envelope with blue ink. Image on left side. Printed below image: 'Victoria Rex thinks better of it and won't / recognise traitors or harbo(u)r their pirate-eers.' Printed vertically at left of image: 'D. Murphy's Son, Print. 65 Fulton & 372 Pearl Street. N. Y.', Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; May 24, 1819 - January 24, 1901) was the Queen of England for a significant period of time before, during, and after the American Civil War. During the war, the Confederate States of America sought diplomatic relations with Great Britain. About the Creator: D. Murphy's Son first appears in the Trow's New York City Directory of 1847. The business last appears in Trow's New York City Directory of 1900-1901. Among other items, D. Murphy's Son printed shelf and wall clock labels.

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