"UpstateHicks" versus "City Slickers" concluded that the restrictive clause in the Constitution of 1894 would not be permanently effective. This proposal angered the Democratic minority including such men as Alfred E. Smith, Governor William F. Sheehan, and Robert Wagner. Smith upheld the record of New York City representatives in voting funds for roads, health, education, and canals in upstate counties even though most of the State revenues came from New York City. Noting the "constitutional majority" enjoyed by the Republican upstaters, Smith declared: "I propose to show that every time we danced together the New York cbickens have been stepped on by the upstate donkey." Governor William Sheehan hinted broadly that unless New York City received fair treatment its citizens would join a movement for a separate State.11 The 1915 debate over apportionment did not lead anywhere since the people turned down the revisions suggested by the Convention. Since 1894 the Republicans have retained control of both houses in almost every election although the people have elected several Democratic governors. Although the metropolis had in 195 o a majority of the population, it had only 92 legislators as compared with 114 for upstate. The complaints of metropolitan leaders became more subdued after 1957 when a special census showed that New York City had only 7,795,471 people, a slight decline from the figure of 1950. Meanwhile the total population of the State had risen to nearly 17,000,000 (estimated). As a result New York City today has approximately as many State 11 New York State Constitutional Convention 1915 Record (Unrevised), I, 612, 556. ALFRED E. SMITH (1873-IQ44) Detail from port, by Rittenberg The New-York Historical Society 2IO